Nekuvandudzika kuri kuramba kuchiitwa kwenzvimbo yekucheneswa kwemafuta pasi rose, mitemo yemafuta iri kuramba ichioma, uye kuwedzera kuri kuita kudiwa kwezvinhu zvemakemikari, kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvinocheneswa kwemafuta kwave kuri kukura zvakatsiga. Pakati pazvo, kukura kuri kukurumidza kuitwa muhupfumi hutsva nenyika dziri kusimukira.
Nekuda kwezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana, zvigadzirwa uye maumbirwo emidziyo yefekitori yega yega, kushandisa zvinhu zvakanyanya kunangana kuti uwane chigadzirwa chakakodzera kana zvinhu zvemakemikari, kusarudzwa kwezvinhu zvine simba rekuchinja kana kusarudza zviri nani kunogona kugadzirisa matambudziko makuru efekitori dzakasiyana nemidziyo yakasiyana.
Mumakore achangopfuura, muAsia Pacific, Africa neMiddle East, huwandu hwezvinhu zvinokonzeresa kushandiswa uye huwandu hwekukura kwezvinhu zvose zvinokonzeresa, kusanganisira kunatswa, polymerization, makemikari ekugadzira, nezvimwewo, zvakakwirira kupfuura zvenzvimbo dzakabudirira muEurope neUnited States.
Mune ramangwana, kuwedzera kwehydrogenation yepeturu kuchave kukuru, kuchiteverwa nehydrogenation yepakati ye distillate, FCC, isomerization, hydrocracking, naphtha hydrogenation, hydrogenation yemafuta anorema (mafuta akasara), alkylation (superposition), reforming, nezvimwewo, uye kudiwa kwe catalyst kunoenderana kuchawedzerawo saizvozvo.
Zvisinei, nekuda kwekushandiswa kwakasiyana-siyana kwema catalysts akasiyana-siyana ekuchenesa mafuta, huwandu hwe catalysts dzekuchenesa mafuta hahugone kuwedzera nekuwedzera kwesimba. Zvichienderana nehuwandu hwekutengesa pamusika, kutengeswa kwakawanda i hydrogenation catalysts (hydrotreating uye hydrocracking, inoumba 46% yehuwandu hwese), ichiteverwa ne FCC catalysts (40%), ichiteverwa ne reforming catalysts (8%), alkylation catalysts (5%) nezvimwe (1%).
Heano maficha makuru emakakatanisi kubva kumakambani akati wandei ane mukurumbira pasi rose:
Makambani gumi ane mukurumbira pasi rose ekugadzira zvinhu zvinovaka muviri
1. Grace Davison, USA
Grace Corporation yakavambwa muna 1854 uye ine muzinda wayo muColumbia, Maryland. Grace Davidson ndiye mutungamiriri wepasi rose mukutsvagisa nekugadzira maFCC catalysts uye ndiye mutengesi mukuru weFCC nemahydrogenation catalysts pasi rose.
Kambani iyi ine mayuniti maviri epasi rose ekushanda kwebhizinesi, Grace Davison neGrace Specialty Chemicals, uye mayuniti masere ezvigadzirwa. Bhizinesi raGrace Davidson rinosanganisira macatalysts eFCC, macatalysts ehydrotreating, macatalysts akakosha anosanganisira macatalysts epolyolefin uye macatalysts ecatalysts, uye zvinhu zveinjiniya zvesilicon-based kana silical-aluminium zve digital media coating pamapepa ekudhinda emaindasitiri, evatengi, uye inkjet. Bhizinesi rehydrotreating catalysts rinotungamirwa neART, kambani yemubatanidzwa.
2, Albemarle American specialty chemicals (ALbemarle) Group
Muna 1887, Arbel Paper Company yakavambwa muRichmond, Virginia.
Muna 2004, bhizimisi reAkzo-Nobel Oil refinery catalysts rakatorwa, rikapinda zviri pamutemo mumunda we catalysts refinery oil, uye rakagadzira chikamu chebhizinesi re catalyst chine polyolefin catalysts; Chikava chikamu chechipiri pakukura cheFCC catalysts pasi rose.
Parizvino, ine nzvimbo dzinopfuura makumi maviri dzekugadzira muNorth America, Europe, Middle East, South America, Japan neChina.
Arpels ine nzvimbo dzeR&D sere munyika shanu uye mahofisi ekutengesa munyika dzinopfuura makumi mana. Ndiyo kambani inogadzira zvinhu zvinoderedza moto zvine brominated, zvinosanganisa kushandiswa kwezuva nezuva, zvemagetsi, mishonga, zvigadzirwa zvekurima, indasitiri yemotokari, zvekuvaka uye zvekurongedza.
Bhizinesi guru rinosanganisira zvinowedzerwa zvepolymer, zvinokonzeresa uye makemikari akanaka zvikamu zvitatu.
Kune mhando huru ina dzezvinhu zvinowedzerwa mupolymer: zvinodzivisa moto, ma antioxidants, zvinoporesa uye zvinosimbisa;
Bhizinesi reCatalyst rine zvikamu zvitatu: refining catalyst, polyolefin catalyst, chemical catalyst;
Makemikoro Akanaka Musanganiswa webhizinesi: makemikari anoshanda (pendi, alumina), makemikari akanaka (makemikari ebromine, makemikari emumunda wemafuta) uye zvinosanganisa (mishonga, mishonga yezvipembenene).
Pakati pezvikamu zvitatu zvebhizinesi rekambani yeAlpels, mari inowanikwa pagore yekuwedzera kwepolymer ndiyo yaimbove yakakura, ichiteverwa nezvinokonzeresa, uye mari inowanikwa nemakemikari akanaka ndiyo yaive shoma, asi mumakore maviri apfuura, mari inowanikwa pagore yebhizinesi rekuwedzera kwecatalyst yakawedzera zvishoma nezvishoma, uye kubvira muna 2008, yadarika bhizinesi rekuwedzera kwepolymer.
Bhizinesi reCatalyst ndiro chikamu chikuru chebhizinesi reArpell. Arpels ndiyo kambani yechipiri pakukura inopa zvinhu zvinogadzira macatalyst pasi rose (30% yemusika wepasi rose) uye ndeimwe yemakambani matatu epamusoro anopa macatalyst pasi rose.
3. Dow Makemikoro
Dow Chemical ikambani yemakemikari yakasiyana-siyana ine muzinda wayo muMichigan, USA, yakavambwa muna 1897 naHerbert Henry Dow. Inoshanda nemakambani ekugadzira 214 munyika 37, ine mhando dzezvigadzirwa zvinopfuura 5,000, zvinoshandiswa zvakanyanya muminda inopfuura gumi yakadai semotokari, zvinhu zvekuvaka, magetsi, uye mishonga. Muna 2009, Dow iri pachinzvimbo che127 paFortune Global 500 uye yechi34 paFortune National 500. Panyaya yemidziyo yese, ndiyo kambani yechipiri pakukura kwemakemikari pasi rose, yechipiri mushure meDuPont Chemical yeUnited States; Panyaya yemari inowanikwa pagore, ndiyo kambani yechipiri pakukura kwemakemikari pasi rose, mushure meBASF yeGermany; Vashandi vanopfuura 46,000 pasi rose; Yakakamurwa muzvikamu zvinomwe zvebhizinesi nerudzi rwechigadzirwa: Functional Plastics, Functional Chemicals, Agricultural Sciences, Plastics, Basic Chemicals, Hydrocarbons and Energy, Venture Capital. Bhizinesi reCatalysts chikamu cheFunctional Chemicals segment.
Zvinhu zvinokonzeresa kugadzirwa kwemakemikari zveDow zvinosanganisira: NORMAX™ carbonyl synthesis catalyst; METEOR™ catalyst ye ethylene oxide/ethylene glycol; SHAC™ uye SHAC™ ADT polypropylene catalysts; DOWEX™ QCAT™ bisphenol A catalyst; Ndiyo inotungamira mukugadzira polypropylene catalysts pasi rose.
4. ExxonMobil
Exxonmobil ndiyo kambani huru yemafuta pasi rose, ine muzinda wayo muTexas, USA. Kambani iyi, yaimbozivikanwa seExxon Corporation neMobil Corporation, yakabatanidzwa ndokurongwazve musi wa30 Mbudzi 1999. Kambani iyi ndiyo zvakare kambani huru yeExxonMobil, Mobil neEsso pasi rose.
Yakavambwa muna 1882, Exxon ndiyo kambani huru yemafuta muUnited States uye imwe yemakambani manomwe makuru uye ekare emafuta pasi rose. Yakavambwa muna 1882, Mobil Corporation ikambani yakazara yenyika dzakawanda inobatanidza indasitiri yekutsvaga nekusimudzira, kunatsa uye petrochemical.
Exxon neMobil dzine mahofisi makuru ari kumusoro muHouston, mahofisi makuru ari pasi muFairfax, uye mahofisi makuru emakambani ari muIrving, Texas. Exxon ine 70% yekambani uye Mobil ine 30%. Exxonmobil, kuburikidza nemakambani ayo, parizvino inoshanda munyika dzinosvika mazana maviri nenzvimbo pasi rose uye ine vashandi vanopfuura 80,000.
Zvigadzirwa zvikuru zveExxonmobil zvinosanganisira mafuta negesi, zvigadzirwa zvemafuta nezvigadzirwa zvepetrochemical, ndiyo inogadzira olefins monomer nepolyolefin zvakanyanya pasi rose, zvinosanganisira ethylene, propylene, polyethylene, polypropylene; Bhizinesi rema catalysts ndere ExxonMobil Chemical. Exxonmobil Chemical yakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zvina zvebhizinesi: ma polymers, mafirimu e polymer, zvigadzirwa zvemakemikari netekinoroji, uye ma catalysts ndeechikamu chetekinoroji.
UNIVATION, kambani yemubatanidzwa we50-50 pakati peExxonMobil neDow Chemical Company, ine tekinoroji yekugadzira polyethylene yeUNIPOL™ uye polyolefin catalysts dzeUCAT™ neXCAT™.
5. Kambani yeUOP Global Oil Products
Yakavambwa muna 1914 uye ine muzinda wayo muDesprine, Illinois, Global Oil Products ikambani yepasi rose. Musi wa30 Mbudzi 2005, UOP yakava kambani iri pasi peHoneywell sechikamu chebhizinesi reHoneywell reSpecialty Materials.
UOP inoshanda muzvikamu zvisere: simba rinogona kushandiswazve uye Makemikari, adsorbents, zvigadzirwa zvehunyanzvi uye zvakagadzirwa, peturu yekunatsa, Aromatics uye derivatives, linear alkyl benzene uye advanced olefins, Light olefins nemidziyo, natural gas processing, uye masevhisi.
UOP inopa mabasa ekugadzira, einjiniya, ekupa mazano, marezenisi uye masevhisi, tekinoroji yemaitiro uye kugadzirwa kwezvinokonzera simba, masefa emamorekuru, zvinokwezva uye michina yakasarudzika yeindasitiri yekuchenesa peturu, petrochemical uye gasi rechisikigo, ine marezenisi makumi matanhatu nemashanu etekinoroji aripo.
UOP ndiyo kambani huru pasi rose inotengesa zeolite nealuminium phosphate zeolite ine zvigadzirwa zve zeolite zvinopfuura 150 zvekubvisa mvura, kubvisa tsvina uye kupatsanurwa kwegasi nezvinhu zvemvura mufekitori. Kugona kwekugadzira molecular seeve pagore kunosvika matani 70,000. Mubasa re molecular seeve adsorbents, UOP ine 70% yemugove wemusika wepasi rose.
UOP ndiyo zvakare inogadzira alumina yakawanda pasi rose, ine zvigadzirwa zvinosanganisira pseudo-alumina, beta-alumina, gamma-alumina uye α-alumina, zvichipa activated alumina uye aluminium/silica-aluminum spherical carriers.
UOP ine mapatenti anopfuura 9,000 pasi rose uye yakagadzira zvishandiso zvinoda kusvika 4,000 ichishandisa mapatenti ayo munyika dzinopfuura 80. Makumi matanhatu muzana epeturu yepasi rose inogadzirwa uchishandisa tekinoroji yeUOP. Inenge hafu yezvinosvina zvinoora pasi rose zvinogadzirwa uchishandisa tekinoroji yeUOP. Pamagadzirirwo makuru makumi matatu nematanhatu ekuchenesa ari kushandiswa muindasitiri yemafuta parizvino, 31 akagadzirwa neUOP. Parizvino, UOP inogadzira zvigadzirwa zvinosvika zana zvakasiyana-siyana zve catalyst uye adsorbent zvematekinoroji ayo ane rezinesi uye mamwe makambani, ayo anoshandiswa muminda yekuchenesa senge reforming, isomerization, hydrocracking, hydrofining uye oxidative desulphurization, pamwe nemuminda yepetrochemical inosanganisira kugadzirwa kwearomatics (benzene, toluene uye xylene), propylene, butene, ethylbenzene, styrene, isopropylbenzene uye cyclohexane.
Zvinhu zvikuru zvinokonzeresa UOP zvinosanganisira: catalytic reforming catalyst, C4 isomerization catalyst, C5 neC6 isomerization catalyst, xylene isomerization catalyst, hydrocracking catalyst ine mhando mbiri dzehydrocracking uye mild hydrocracking, hydrotreating catalyst, oil desulfurization agent, sulfur recovery, tail gas conversion nezvimwe zvinosanganisa mafuta.
6, kambani yeART American advanced refinering technology
Advanced Refining Technologies yakaumbwa muna 2001 semubatanidzwa we50-50 pakati peChevron Oil Products neGrace-Davidson. ART yakavambwa kuti isanganise simba retekinoroji reGrace neChevron mukugadzira nekutengesa hydrogenation catalysts kuindasitiri yepasi rose yekunatsa, uye ndiyo kambani huru pasi rose inogadzira hydrogenation catalysts, ichipa anopfuura 50% yehydrogenation catalysts pasi rose.
ART inobatanidza zvigadzirwa nemasevhisi ayo kuburikidza nemadhipatimendi ekutengesa nemahofisi eGrace Corporation neChevron Corporation pasi rese.
ART ine nzvimbo ina dzekugadzira macatalyst uye imwe nzvimbo yekutsvagisa macatalyst. ART inogadzira macatalyst ekugadzira macatalyst, macatalyst hydrocracking, isomerization dewaxing, isomerization reforming uye hydrofining.
Zvinhu zvikuru zvinokonzeresa zvinosanganisira Isocracking® ye isomerization, Isofinishing® ye isomerization, hydrocracking, mild hydrocracking, hydrofining, hydrotreating, residual hydrotreating.
7. Union Inc. Chiremba
Univation, yakavambwa muna 1997 uye ine muzinda wayo muHouston, Texas, ikambani yemubatanidzwa pakati peExxonMobil Chemical Company neDow Chemical Company inoshanda ne50:50.
Univation inonyanya kutungamira mukutamisa tekinoroji yeUNIPOL™ fumed polyethylene uye catalysts, uye ndiyo kambani inotungamira pasi rose inopa rezenisi yetekinoroji uye inopa pasi rose catalysts yeindasitiri yepolyethylene. Ndiyo kambani yechipiri pakukura mukugadzira uye inopa polyethylene catalysts, ichitora 30% yemusika wepasi rose. Catalysts dzekambani iyi dzinogadzirwa panzvimbo dzayo dzeMont Belvieu, Seadrift neFreeport muTexas.
Maitiro ekugadzira polyethylene eUnivation, anozivikanwa seUNIPOL™, parizvino ane mitsetse inopfuura 100 yekugadzira polyethylene iri kushanda kana kuti iri kuvakwa ichishandisa UNIPOL™ munyika makumi maviri neshanu, zvichiita kuti ive inopfuura 25% yehuwandu hwese hwepasi rose.
Zvinhu zvikuru zvinokonzeresa makemikari ndeizvi: 1)UCAT™ chromium catalyst uye Ziegler-Natta catalyst; 2)XCAT™ metallocene catalyst, zita rekutengeserana rekuti EXXPOL; 3)PRODIGY™ Bimodal Catalyst; 4)UT™ deaeration catalyst.
8. BASF
Iine muzinda wayo muMunich, Germany, BASF ndeimwe yemakambani makuru emakemikari akabatanidzwa pasi rose ane zvigadzirwa zvinopfuura 8,000, zvinosanganisira makemikari anowedzera kukosha, mapurasitiki, madhayi, machira emotokari, mishonga yekudzivirira zvirimwa, mishonga, makemikari akanaka, mafuta negesi.
Basf ndiyo inogadzira maleic anhydride, acrylic acid, aniline, caprolactam uye foamed styrene. Polypropylene, polystyrene, hydroxyl alcohol nezvimwe zvigadzirwa zviri panzvimbo yechipiri pasi rose; Ethylbenzene, styrene production capacity iri panzvimbo yechitatu pasi rose. Basf ndeimwe yemakambani makuru ekutengesa zvekudya, kusanganisira mono-vitamins, multivitamins, carotenoids, lysines, enzymes uye feed preservatives.
Basf ine mabhizinesi matanhatu akasiyana: Makemikari, Mapurasitiki, Mhinduro Dzinoshanda, Zvigadzirwa Zvekushanda, Makemikari Ekurima uye Oiri neGasi.
Basf ndiyo kambani yega pasi rose inofukidza bhizinesi rese re catalyst, ine mhando dzinopfuura 200 dze catalysts. Inonyanya kusanganisira: catalyst yekuchenesa mafuta (FCC catalyst), automotive catalyst, chemical catalyst (copper chromium catalyst uye ruthenium catalyst, nezvimwewo), catalyst yekudzivirira zvakatipoteredza, oxidation dehydrogenation catalyst uye dehydrogenation purification catalyst.
Basf ndiyo kambani yechipiri pakukura inogadzira FCC catalysts pasi rose, ine chikamu chinosvika 12% chemusika wepasi rose wekugadzirisa catalysts.
9. Kambani yemafuta yeBP yeBritish
BP ndeimwe yemakambani makuru emafuta epasi rose akabatana pasi rose, ine muzinda wayo muLondon, UK; Bhizinesi rekambani iyi rinofukidza nyika dzinopfuura zana nenzvimbo, kusanganisira kutsvaga nekugadzira mafuta negasi, kunatsa nekutengesa, simba rinogona kushandiswazve, nzvimbo nhatu huru; BP yakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zvitatu zvebhizinesi: Kuongorora nekugadzira Oiri neGasi, Kuchenesa neKushambadzira, uye mamwe mabhizinesi (simba rinogona kushandiswazve neMarine). Bhizinesi reBP re catalysts chikamu cheRefining and Marketing Division.
Zvigadzirwa zvePetrochemical zvinosanganisira mapoka maviri, chikamu chekutanga zvigadzirwa zve aromatic ne acetic acid series, zvinosanganisira PTA, PX ne acetic acid; Chikamu chechipiri ma olefins ne derivatives awo, zvinosanganisira ethylene, propylene ne downstream derivatives. BP's PTA (chinhu chikuru chekugadzira polyester), PX (chinhu chikuru chekugadzira PTA) uye acetic acid capacity ndiyo inonyanya kusarudzwa pasi rose. BP yakagadzira tekinoroji ye PX yakagadzirwa zvichibva pa isomerization catalyst yayo uye crystallization tekinoroji inoshanda. BP ine tekinoroji ye patent inotungamira yekugadzira Cativa® acetic acid.
Bhizinesi reBP re olefins ne derivatives riri kunyanya kuChina neMalaysia.
10, Sud-Chemie Kambani yeGerman Southern Chemical
Yakavambwa muna 1857, Southern Chemical Company ikambani ine hunyanzvi hwepamusoro-soro munyika dzakawanda ine makore anopfuura 150 enhoroondo, ine muzinda wayo muMunich, Germany.
Kambani yeNanfang Chemical ine makambani makumi manomwe nemanomwe zvakananga kana zvisina kunanga, kusanganisira makambani mashanu emuno muGermany, makambani makumi manomwe nemaviri ekunze, zvichiteerana, ari muchikamu che adsorbent ne catalyst, che petrochemical, food processing, consumer goods, casting, water treatment, environment products and solutions.
Bhizinesi rekugadzira zvinhu zveNanfang Chemical Company nderechikamu chekugadzira zvinhu zvekugadzira. Chikamu ichi chine Catalyst Technology, Energy and Environment.
Chikamu cheCatalyst Technology chakakamurwa kuita mapoka mana ebhizinesi epasi rose: makemikari anoita kuti zvinhu zvishande zvakanaka, petrochemical catalysts, mafuta anochenesa uye polymerization catalysts.
Mhando dzeNanfang Chemical dzinonyanya kusanganisira: catalyst yekuchenesa zvinhu zvisina kugadzirwa, petrochinobatsira pakugadzira makemikari, chinobatsira pakugadzira makemikari, chinobatsira pakuchenesa mafuta, chinobatsira pakugadzira polymerization ye olefin, chinobatsira pakuchenesa mweya, chinobatsira pakugadzira masero emafuta.
Cherechedza: Parizvino, Southern Chemical Company (SUD-Chemie) yakatengwa neClariant!
Nguva yekutumira: Nyamavhuvhu-17-2023
