Zvinonyungudutsa mumigodhi, zvinosefa, uye zvinoomesa
Masefa emamorekuru isimbi yecrystalline aluminosilicates ine network yekubatanidza yesilica nealumina tetrahedra ine mativi matatu. Mvura yechisikigo inonyungudika inobviswa kubva pane iyi network nekudziisa kuti igadzire makomba akafanana ayo anonyungudutsa mamorekuru ehukuru hwakati.
Sefa ine mamesh mana kusvika masere inowanzo shandiswa mukushandiswa kwegasphase, nepo mhando ye8 kusvika 12-mesh ichinyanya kushandiswa mukushandiswa kwe liquidphase. Maumbirwo eupfu emasefa e3A, 4A, 5A uye 13X akakodzera kushandiswa kwakakosha.
Yakazivikanwa kwenguva refu nekukwanisa kwayo kuomesa (kunyangwe kusvika 90 °C), ma "molecular seeves" achangobva kuratidza kushanda mu "synthetic organic procedure", achiwanzobvumira kuparadzaniswa kwezvigadzirwa zvinodiwa kubva mu "condensation reactions" iyo inodzorwa nekuenzana kusina kunaka. Aya ma "synthetic zeolites" akaratidzwa kuti anobvisa mvura, alcohols (kusanganisira methanol ne ethanol), uye HCl kubva mu "systems" dzakadai se ketimine ne enamine syntheses, ester condensations, uye kushandurwa kwe unsaturated aldehydes kuita polyenals.
| Rudzi | 3A |
| Kuumbwa | 0.6 K2O: 0.40 Na2O: 1 Al2O3: 2.0 ± 0.1SiO2: x H2O |
| Tsananguro | Fomu re3A rinogadzirwa nekutsiva potassium cations panzvimbo pema sodium ions ari mukati mechimiro che4A, zvichideredza saizi inoshanda yepore kusvika ku ~3Å, kusasanganisa dhayamita >3Å, semuenzaniso, ethane. |
| Zvikumbiro Zvikuru | Kupera kwemvura kubva munzizi dzisina kuguta dzehydrocarbon, kusanganisira gasi rakapwanyika, propylene, butadiene, acetylene; kuomesa mvura dzepolar dzakadai semethanol neethanol. Kunyudzwa kwemamorekuru akadai seNH3 neH2O kubva mukuyerera kweN2/H2. Inoonekwa sechinhu chekuomesa chinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mupolar nepasiri polar media. |
| Rudzi | 4A |
| Kuumbwa | 1 Na2O: 1 Al2O3: 2.0 ± 0.1 SiO2 : x H2O |
| Tsananguro | Iyi sodium form inomiririra rudzi rwemhuri yemhando A yemasefa emamorekuru. Kuvhura kwepore kunoshanda i4Å, nokudaro kusabvisa mamorekuru ane dhayamita inoshanda >4Å, semuenzaniso, propane. |
| Zvikumbiro Zvikuru | Inoshandiswa pakusapedza mvura mumuviri mumidziyo yemvura kana gasi yakavharwa, semuenzaniso, mumapakeji emishonga, zvikamu zvemagetsi uye makemikari anogona kuora; kubvisa mvura mumidziyo yekudhinda neyepurasitiki uye kuomesa mvura ine hydrocarbon yakawanda. Mhando dzinonyungudika dzinosanganisira SO2, CO2, H2S, C2H4, C2H6, uye C3H6. Inowanzoonekwa sechinhu chinoomesa chepasi rose mumidziyo yepolar neisina polar. |
| Rudzi | 5A |
| Kuumbwa | 0.80 CaO : 0.20 Na2O : 1 Al2O3: 2.0 ± 0.1 SiO2: x H2O |
| Tsananguro | Maion ecalcium ane divalent panzvimbo pe sodium cations anopa maburi e ~5Å ayo asingabatanidzi mamorekuru ane dhayamita inoshanda >5Å, semuenzaniso, mhete dzese dze 4-carbon, uye ma iso-compounds. |
| Zvikumbiro Zvikuru | Kupatsanurwa kwemaparafini akajairwa kubva kuma branched-chain uye cyclic hydrocarbons; kubviswa kweH2S, CO2 uye mercaptans kubva mugasi rechisikigo. Mamorekuru anonyudzwa anosanganisira nC4H10, nC4H9OH, C3H8 kuenda kuC22H46, uye dichlorodifluoro-methane (Freon 12®). |
| Rudzi | 13X |
| Kuumbwa | 1 Na2O: 1 Al2O3 : 2.8 ± 0.2 SiO2 : xH2O |
| Tsananguro | Chimiro chesodium chinomiririra chimiro chemhuri yerudzi rweX, ine kuvhurika kwepore kunoshanda muhuwandu hwe910¼. Haizonyungudi (C4F9)3N, semuenzaniso. |
| Zvikumbiro Zvikuru | Kuomesa gasi rekutengeserana, kucheneswa kwechikafu chezvirimwa nemhepo (kubvisa H2O neCO2 panguva imwe chete) uye kutapira kwemvura inogadzirwa nehydrocarbon/natural gas (H2S nekubvisa mercaptan). |
Nguva yekutumira: Chikumi-16-2023
