Muchidzidzo chitsva, vaongorori vakaongorora kushanda kwemhando dzakasiyana dzemasefa emolecular seeving mukuderedza utsi. Ongororo iyi yakatarisana nemhando dzakasiyana dzemasefa emolecular, anosanganisira 3A, 5A, 10X, 13X, NaY, MCM-41-Al, uye MCM-41-Si, vachivavarira kuona kugona kwavo kuderedza kusvibiswa kwezvinhu zvine njodzi panguva yekushanda kwemaindasitiri.
Kudzikisa utsi chinhu chakakosha mumaindasitiri mazhinji, kunyanya ayo anosanganisira mashandiro ekupisa kwakanyanya akadai sekugadzira simbi, kusanganisa, uye kugadzira makemikari. Kuburitswa kweutsi kunogona kukonzera njodzi huru kuhutano kuvashandi uye kukonzera kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza. Saka, kudiwa kwenzira dzinoshanda dzekudzikisa utsi hakuna kumbobvira kwanyanya kukosha.
Masefa emamorekuru zvinhu zvakaita sekristalline zvine saizi dzakafanana dzemaburi zvinogona kunyudza mamorekuru zvichienderana nehukuru hwazvo uye chimiro chazvo. Hunhu uhwu hwakasiyana hunovaita kuti vakwanise kushandiswa zvakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira kupatsanurwa kwegasi, catalysis, uye, sezvinoratidzwa neongororo iyi, kudzvinyirirwa kweutsi. Vaongorori vakatsvaga kuongorora mashandiro eupfu hwakasiyana-siyana hwemamorekuru mukubata nekubvisa utsi hunokuvadza.
Chidzidzo ichi chakatanga nekuongorora kwakazara hunhu hwemasefa emolecular akasarudzwa. Masefa e3A ne5A, anozivikanwa nekukwanisa kwawo kunyudza mamorekuru madiki, akaedzwa pamwe chete nemasefa makuru epore, akadai se10X ne13X, anogona kugamuchira mamorekuru makuru egasi. Sefa yeNaY, rudzi rwezeolite, yakabatanidzwawo nekuda kwenzvimbo yayo yepamusoro uye kugona kwayo kuchinjana kwemaion. Pamusoro pezvo, mhando dzeMCM-41, MCM-41-Al neMCM-41-Si, dzakasarudzwa nekuda kwemaumbirwo adzo akasiyana, ayo anopa nzira yakasiyana yekunyudza kana tichienzanisa nedzeolite dzechinyakare.
Danho rekuyedza raisanganisira kuisa upfu hwemamorekuru muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinogadzira utsi, kutevedzera mamiriro ezvinhu anowanzo kuwanikwa munzvimbo dzemaindasitiri. Vaongorori vakayera kushanda kwesefa yega yega pakubata utsi, vachiongorora zvinhu zvakaita sekugona kunyudza utsi, mwero wekubatwa kweutsi, uye kushanda kwese mukuderedza kuwanda kwezvinhu zvinokuvadza mumhepo.
Zvakabuda pakutanga zvakaratidza kuti mashandiro emasefa emamorekuru akasiyana zvakanyanya zvichienderana nekuumbwa kwawo uye chimiro chawo. Masefa e3A ne5A akaratidza kugona kunoshamisa mukusveta zvidimbu zvidiki zvefume, zvichiita kuti zvikwanise kushandiswa apo zvinhu zvidiki zviri dambudziko. Kusiyana neizvi, masefa makuru emapore, kunyanya 10X ne13X, akabudirira mukubata mamorekuru makuru egasi, zvichiratidza kuti anogona kushandiswa mukuita zvinoburitsa utsi hwakawanda.
Sefa yeNaY yakaratidza hunhu hunoshamisa hwekutsinhana kwemaion, izvo zvisina kungowedzera kugona kwayo kubata utsi chete asiwo zvakabvumira kudzikisa mamwe makemikari ane chepfu. Hunhu uhwu hunoisa NaY semumiriri ane tariro kumaindasitiri anobata zvinhu zvine njodzi, uko kudzvinyirirwa kweutsi uye kudzikiswa kwemakemikari kwakakosha.
MCM-41-Al naMCM-41-Si, nemaumbirwo avo akasiyana, akapa nzira yakasiyana yekudzora fume. Nzvimbo yavo yepamusoro uye saizi dzemaburi anogadziriswa zvakabvumira kunyudzwa kwezvikamu zvefume zvakasiyana, zvichiita kuti zvive sarudzo dzakasiyana dzezvirongwa zvekutarisira fume. Chidzidzo ichi chakaratidza kugona kwezvinhu izvi mukugadzira masisitimu ekusefa epamusoro anogona kuenderana nezvinodiwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvemaindasitiri.
Sezvo tsvakurudzo yaifambira mberi, chikwata chakaongororawo kugona kwekugadzirisa ma "molecular seeves". Kukwanisa kudzoreredza kugona kwe "adsorptive" kwema "seeves" mushure mekushandiswa kwakakosha pakushandiswa kwawo mumaindasitiri. Chidzidzo ichi chakaona kuti ma "seeves" mazhinji akaedzwa anogona kugadziriswazve kuburikidza nekupisa, zvichibvumira kushandiswa kakawanda pasina kurasikirwa nekushanda kwakakosha.
Zvinorehwa nechidzidzo ichi zvinopfuura kungoderedza utsi chete. Nekuziva nekugadzirisa kushandiswa kweupfu hwemamorekuru, maindasitiri anogona kuderedza zvakanyanya kukanganiswa kwavo nezvakatipoteredza uye kusimbisa kuchengetedzeka kwebasa. Zvakawanikwa zvinoratidza kuti kubatanidza zvinhu izvi muhurongwa huripo hwekutarisira utsi kunogona kutungamira kune miitiro inoshanda uye inochengetedza nguva.
Mukupedzisa, chidzidzo ichi chitsva chinojekesa kugona kweupfu hwemasefa emolecular senzira inoshanda yekudzora utsi. Nehunhu hwavo hwakasiyana uye kugona kwavo, masefa akadai se3A, 5A, 10X, 13X, NaY, MCM-41-Al, uye MCM-41-Si anopa mhinduro dzinovimbisa kumatambudziko anokonzerwa nekubuda kweutsi hunokuvadza mumaindasitiri. Sezvo maindasitiri achiramba achitsvaga nzira dzekushanda dzakachengeteka uye dzakasimba, nzwisiso inowanikwa kubva mukutsvagisa uku inogona kugadzira nzira yekuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji yepamusoro yekutarisira utsi iyo inonyanya kukoshesa hutano nekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza. Tsvagiridzo yakawedzerwa nekushandira pamwe pakati peyunivhesiti nemaindasitiri zvichave zvakakosha kushandura zvakawanikwa izvi kuita mashandisirwo anoshanda, pakupedzisira zvichibatsira mukugadzira nzvimbo yakachena uye yakachengeteka yemaindasitiri.
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-19-2024
